Geography and History of Ames

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Name of the object

Televisión

 

Juan Cañizo González-Elipe · 12 diciembre 2020 11:31


Image of yourself and the object

Date, historical event and historical period
A data exacta do obxecto en cuestión é o ano 1999, que coincide practicamente co cambio de milenio dos anos 1000 aos 2000 e coa mudanza dos meus pais a Santiago no ámbito da microhistoria persoal. Non obstante, a historia da televisión remóntase á segunda metade dos anos 20, cando comezaron a desenvolverse as primeiras televisións electrónicas e mecánicas (que nada teñen que ver coas de hoxe en día). A televisión de tubo, que é a que estou tratando, ten as súas orixes a comezos dos anos 30. Concretamente, a primeira televisión de tubo foi comercializada pola empresa alemana Telefunken, no ano 1934. Posto que esta data do 1999, tras 65 anos de avances e innovacións tecnolóxicas, pouco ten que ver coa de Telefunken.

Explanation of the object
Cando os meus pais mudáronse a vivir sós a finais de agosto de 1999, un dos primeiros electrodomésticos que mercaron foi este televisor, poucos meses despois. Trátase dun modelo bastante descoñecido, que pertence a unha marca branca de Alcampo chamada “Basic Line”. O seu prezo, que a miña nai non recorda con exactitude, oscilaba entre as 35.000 e as 40.000 pesetas (uns 210-240 €). Pese a que orixinariamente os meus pais pensaron que, ao ser unha marca branca dun centro comercial non excesivamente prestixioso, duraría pouco tempo; a día de hoxe, 21 anos despois da súa compra, a televisión funciona perfectamente e non amosa síntomas de deixar de facelo a corto-medio prazo. Este ano tivemos que cambiar o televisor, que atopábase na habitación dos meus pais, porque o TDT (o decodificador da televisión dixital terrestre) comezou a fallar, non por problemas derivados do funcionamento do electrodoméstico. Cando os meus pais mercaron o piso de Bertamiráns (2005), coincidindo co meu nacemento, a televisión foi ubicada no salón. Catro anos despois, en decembro de 2009, foi substituída por unha televisión convencional LCD, de pantalla plana con tecnoloxía HD, que comezou a ocupar o salón (polo que a “Basic Line” pasou á habitación dos meus pais). Ata este ano (2020) estivo alí, fai dúas semanas, que foi cando decidimos cambiala polos problemas derivados do mal funcionamento do TDT.
Esta televisión, como citei anteriormente, enmárcase na clasificación dos televisores de tubo. As primeiras datan da segunda metade dos anos 20. En 1926, o científico escocés John L. Baird realizou unha (se pode ser considerada como tal) que retransmitía imaxes en movemento a través dun cable. Foi grazas a eso que, nese mesmo ano, xurdiu a primeira televisión electrónica e mecánica. En 1930 comercializouse o “Baird Televisor”, o primeiro televisor comercial.
Non obstante, estas televisións acarreaban abundantes problemas (imaxe curva, pouco definida, pantalla diminuta, etc). Neste contexto nacen os televisores eléctricos, que utilizaban tubos de raios catódicos ou CRT (como esta televisión). Unhas válvulas presentes no televisor emiten un haz constante de raios catódicos (unha corriente de electróns) que choca contra a pantalla de vidro, que contén plomo e fósforo. Grazas a este proceso, se produce a imaxe. Esto explica, ademais, a necesidade de que os televisores de tubo fosen tan grosos e tivesen tanta profundidade (como se amosa nas imáxenes), pois era preciso albergar no seu interior un tubo de vacío polo que viaxaban os raios catódicos. A primeira televisión que implantou esta nova e eficaz tecnoloxía foi Telefunken no ano 1934, en Alemaña.
Durante case todo o século XX desenvolveuse a televisión de tubo, que foise innovando co paso do tempo. Un dos máis importantes avances que se produciron chegou cando se implantaron as cores no seu sistema. Esto conseguiuse grazas a que os raios catódicos melloraron tanto que alcanzaron tres cores diferentes nos seus cañóns (as cores primarias, vermello, azul e amarelo), que podían producir o resto de tonalidades ao mesturarse combinando distintas proporcións. Grazas a esto, en 1977 Televisión Española xa facía retransmisións en color a tempo completo.
Xa no ano 1998, apareceu a primeira televisión con pantalla plana de plasma en EEUU, da man da marca americana Philips. As pantallas LCD (como a que ten a nosa televisión do ano 2009), que surxiron a finais desta década, eliminaron os principais inconvenientes dos televisores de tubo (baixa definición, televisores anchos e pesados, contaminantes, etc). No 2009, Samsung presentou o seu primeiro televisor LED, que supuxo avances e innovacións con respecto á tecnoloxía LCD. Coa chegada do ano 2011, saíron ao mercado as primeiras Smart TV e, finalmente, no 2014, a marca LG presentou o primeiro televisor OLED con resolución 4K, a tecnoloxía máis vangardista que actualmente seguen utilizando as máis recientes e avanzadas televisións.

Secondary sources
Para facer este traballo, ademais da miña nai, recurrín a algunhas fontes secundarias: O artigo titulado "La historia del televisor: 90 años de continua transformación", da revista Expansión, apartado de economía dixital e da man dos autores M. Juste e C. Galera, publicado a día 18/02/2017 ás 00:06 horas e consultado por min a día 16/12/2020 (https://www.expansion.com/economia-digital/innovacion/2017/02/18/58a59f91e2704e9a308b4588.html); e tamén outro artigo titulado "Así funciona un televisor: desde la tele de tubo (1934) hasta el OLED", da revista CH (Computer Hoy), apartado de noticias (reportaxe) e da man do autor Juan Antonio Pascual Estapé, publicado a día 04/02/2018 ás 12:01 horas e consultado por min a día 16/12/2020 (https://computerhoy.com/noticias/imagen-sonido/asi-funciona-televisor-tele-tubo-1934-oled-2018-74735).


Name of the object

Telefono negro de rueda

 

Marcos Díaz Caeiro · 5 noviembre 2022 14:13


Image of yourself and the object

Date, historical event and historical period
1949, es el mismo año que se descubrio la tumba de San Pedro

Explanation of the object
El objeto llego a las manos de mi familia a partir de el cuñado de mi madre Antonio. Este lo consiguio en el rastro de Madrid.

Secondary sources
No hay ninguna


Name of the object

Visiting card from my great-grandmother

 

Pablo Freijeiro Díaz · 17 diciembre 2020 23:35


Image of yourself and the object

Date, historical event and historical period
This object relates to the developmental phase of the 60s, in Spain, phase that I will summarise in a few lines because it is necessary to understand the relationship:
In 1959, an estabilization plan was started. This plan liberalized, in a way, the Spanish economy, which had been isolated from the international environment during the period of autarky. The stabilization plan also made way for the economic development of the decade of the 60s. During that period the first development plans were started in Spain. It is also a phase of opening to abroad, thanks to the growth of tourism. Simultaneously, from the 50s to the 70s, the mecanization of agriculture produced a surplus in labor force, and these workers ended up emigrating to other countries or to big cities.
The relationship between the object and this period is that Amparo, like many other people, emigrated to a big city, Valencia, and not only is it a big city, but it is also right next to the Mediterranean, which was the zone that benefited the most from this event. During this period I mentioned before, there was a reactivation of the Spanish economy, and people like my great-grandmother moved to cities in search for progress an a higher quality of life. This card is from when Amparo started to work as a full time dressmaker (after moving to Valencia (and later to a different part of the city). This event happened in 1961. This means that the card is for sure from the decade of the 60s, without counting 1961, it is still a long period, but there was sadly no information available that could make the numbers more exact. It is definitely not from the 70s because Amparo started to feel bad since 1970 due to a heart problem, so she stopped working like she used to do a few years earlier.

Explanation of the object
This object is a visiting card from my great-grandmother, Amparo, who worked as a dressmaker in Valencia. It of course relates to me because Amparo was my great-grandmother and, although I never got to meet her, my mother still remembers her and occasionally tells a story about her life.
In order to understand this object better, I will make a quick summary of Amparo's life:
Amparo Teba Mora was born in 1923 in Martos, Jaén. When she was a teenager she started as an apprentice in a tailoring workshop in her hometown. There, she mostly made uniforms for soldiers. This was due to the Civil War, which was still being fought back then.
Amparo married a soldier, Ángel, in 1942, And that same year the couple moved to Fuerteventura, where they had their first daughter (my grandma, Mª del Rosario), in 1943.
Only two years later, they moved to Seville. Then, Ángel left his job in the military and began working as a peddler in order to maintain the family. At the same time, Amparo began sewing for her friends and acquaintances.
In 1951, they moved again, but this time to Valencia. Amparo continued sewing, but now she made clothes for everyone who asked her (not only friends), so she started to get more money for her job. She didn't have a sewing machine, so she went to the customers' houses and used theirs instead. Eventually, the couple had a son, Ángel, and this caused Amparo to feel overwhelmed at home so, they decided that Rosario would leave school in order to help her mother with her work, when she was only 12 years old. Amparo only made male clothing for her relatives, because she was a dressmaker. She never had en employee, but had a few people come work with her as apprentices.
When Rosario was 18 years old, the whole family moved again, but just a few streets away from their previous flat. By this time Amparo had saved up enough money to buy a sewing machine and a table for cutting, so she made her own workshop at home. She even made wedding and communion dresses, and it got to a point when her job was the main form of income the family had. This is important because she, a woman, was the head of the family at a time when men were considered superior, and this makes her story even more inspiring.
Sadly, Amparo Teba died in 1970, after achieving so much, and not long after Rosario had her third daughter.

The object I chose is a visiting card from when Amparo finally made her own workshop and started working at home. Back then, she lived in Valencia (Padre Viñas street). This card is just an item used to promote Amparo's business, and it doesn't have any economic value, only sentimental. My grandma found it in her house a few months ago and it was a very happy surprise for her so, I knew from the beginning that this was going to be the item I would choose for this project. Furthermore, all my family was happy with the discovery, and my granparents now keep it in their house and are very careful not to lose it, because it represents a very important part of my great-grandmother's life. This card has a lot of sentimental value and in this case this feature determines its heritage value.
When it comes to historical value, it is not that important of an item, but in my opinion it is important because it shows how my great-grandmother was a strong woman and ahead of her time, because she was the head of the family, instead of her husband. I think that this object reinforces the ideas of equality and in some way, feminism, due to it showing how a woman can also work and be a leader, something that our current society still doesn't understand. In conclusion I estimate that it's historical value isn't too much, because she didn't change the country or do anything very important, but I think this has more value in the current vision of history, due to it being part of the everyday life of a family and, I believe that the message it contains is what ends up being more important.

Secondary sources
(no especificado)


Name of the object

Flames of War miniatures

 

Jaime Fernández Fernández · 16 diciembre 2020 18:01


Image of yourself and the object

Date, historical event and historical period
The yoy soldiers are relate to WWII but the historical period is the present since it is now when they have been produced and I am using them. I exactly have them since 2015 but they were manufactured in early 2000s.

Explanation of the object
The toy soldier with the present concept of toy, collecting, history, game, contemplation...was born in the city of Nuremberg in Germany in 1775, from the hand of Johann Gottfried Hilpert. The Golden Age of the toy soldier goes from 1920 to 1936, which is when the interest on collecting of tin toy soldiers was consolidated. In the 50s and 60s a majority decline of this hobby was produced although from 1970 onwards the fondness for the toy soldiers aimed at adults reappeared.
Apart from collecting, many fans also use the miniatures to play. This modality is called Wargame and it consists on a strategy game where each player has an army formed by miniatures that face off on a battlefield. In Europe this fashion does not stop growing.
The miniatures or soldiers are from the 2000s, that are the years when they began to be made but as they are from the Second World War they are related with WWII and with some particular events from Second World War that will be highlighted now:
- The Battle of the Bulge (16th December 1944 - 15th January 1945). All the soldiers I have right now can be used to represent the Battle of the Bulge.
- Operation Market Garden (17th September 1944 - 25th September 1944). Only the parachute rifle company, marked in the photo with a green square, are the ones that can be used to represent this battle.
- The parachute drops from the Operation Overlord (first hours on the 6th June of 1944). From here just the parachute rifle company, as before, can be used.
- Operation Cobra (25th July 1944 - 4th August 1944). To represent this operation only the tanks, the infantry and the artillery, marked in the photo in pink, can be used.
- Tank battles in the Lorraine (September 1944 - January 1945). To represent theses battles the same soldiers marked in pink and some others marked in orange are used.
- The battles from the Western Front in 1945 (February 1945 - April 1945). To represent these battles we can use the same soldiers from the previous point.
These are the main historical events to which they belong and where they are mainly used to play with, because Flames of War is a game. Without any doubt, they can also be used to represent other battles.
The process of preparing miniatures is the following one:
First you need to get rid of the excess of resin or plastic with a filing file so that they fit properly on the base. After that you begin to paint them. What I personally do is to paint the figure all in black and then looking at the box or photographs on internet I began to paint it with the necessary colors, leaving the helmet for the end. Then when all the paint is dry I glue the figures to the bases and when they are already glued I put some grass on the base and they would be ready.
To create a battlefield of Flames of War (Flames of War is a Wargame) you need a table of 180cm × 120cm. Then you put on the table a green mat of the same dimensions to represent the grass and after that the rest of the elements required for the battle like houses, hills, roads, rivers, forests...are placed. And when everything is ready the miniatures are displayed and the battle begins.
Personally I am interested in the toy soldiers because I really like everything related to the Second World War and I love making battles with them because it is a very interesting game and where you need a good strategy to win and besides when they are all painted they seem very beautiful.

Secondary sources
Digital
16th of December:
www.flamesofwar.com › hobby
Parachute Rifle Platoon (Plastic) - Flames Of War
www.flamesofwar.com › hobby
Parachute Rifle Company (UBX18) - Flames Of War
www.flamesofwar.com › hobby
Resultados web
Engineer Combat Company (Winter) - Flames Of War
www.flamesofwar.com › hobby
M4A3E2 Jumbo - Flames Of War
www.flamesofwar.com › hobby
105mm Field Artillery Battery (Plastic) (UBX77) - Flames Of War
www.flamesofwar.com › hobby
Operation Cobra... - Flames Of War
www.flamesofwar.com › hobby
Bridge At Remagen Design Notes - Flames Of War
www.flamesofwar.com › hobby
Resultados web
Blood, Guts, & Glory Design Notes - Flames Of War
17th of December:
www.flamesofwar.com › hobby
Resultados web
M4 Sherman Tank Platoon (Plastic) (UBX69) - Flames Of War
20th December:
https://historico.diarioz.com.ar/nota/soldaditos-de-plomo-un-pasatiempo-en-miniatura-41162/
https://www.museocjv.com/soldadosinformacion.htm
Books
16th December:
Ardenas 1944 la última apuesta de Hitler de Antony Beevor.
La batalla por los puentes Arnhem 1944. La última victoria alemana en la segunda guerra mundial de Antony Beevor.
El Día D la batalla de Normandía de Antony Beevor.
Cobra the Normandy Breakout de Flames of War.
Bridge at Remagen the battle for the Rhine, February-April 1945 de Flames of War.
Grandes batallas de la Segunda guerra mundial del Dr. Chris Mann.
20th December:
Flames of War 4th edition rulebook de Phil Yates.


Name of the object

O recordo da emigración

 

Samuel Bernárdez Fresco · 11 noviembre 2022 17:00


Image of yourself and the object

Date, historical event and historical period
1982, foi a fecha na que o meu avo emigrou a Suiza por traballo, 1987, cando a miña avoa emigrou a xunta do meu avo a Suiza, quedando a miña nai e o meu tío ca súa avoa en Galicia.
10 anos despois da data na que marchou o meu avó a Suiza, comprouna tras a súa chegada a Galicia de novo.

Explanation of the object
Esta moto é unha vespino SUZUKI MAXI 50 que comezou a súa comercialización entre o 1992 e o 1996, foi mercada nun concesionario da provincia de Pontevedra, que na época vendía moito.
A vespino SUZUKI Maxi, foi a primeira vespino da marca Suzuki en España, creada en 1992.

Secondary sources
(no especificado)